Describe the types of fabric? | The flow chart of fabric manufacturing or weaving process?

Describe the types of fabric?

There are three types of fabric. They are –

1.         Woven fabric: The fabrics which are produced by two sets of yarn by interlacing are called woven fabric. The name of two sets yarn are-

2.        Knitted fabric: The fabrics which are produced by one sets of yarn by interlacing are called knitted fabric.

3.         Non-woven: Here fabrics are produced by connecting yarn with gummy or bonded materials.

Basic Weaving Operation

The machine used for weaving fabrics is a loom. Before weaving yarns intended for warp must pass through such operations as spooling, wraping and slashing to prepare them to withstand the strain of weaving process. These processes do not improve quality of yarns.

a. Spooling:


Yarn is wound on large spools, or cones which are placed on a rack called a creel from this yarns are wound on warp beam, which is similar to huge spool.

b. Starching:

These yarns are unwound to be put through a slashing or sizing bath. The slasher machine covers every yarn with a coating to prevent breaking during weaving process.

Mechanical properties of Textile fibers?

A.  Tensile properties

Tensile properties indicate how a material will react to the forces being applied in Tension. Some tensile properties are given below -

Tenacity

Tenacity is the maximum strength to break a fiber.

Breaking extension

It is expressed in percentage. It is the ratio of elongation at break to the initial length and multiple of hundred.

FABRIC PRODUCTION & Difference Between Warp and Weft

INTRODUCTION:
Weaving is the name given to the interlacing of two sets of yarns, warp and weft at right angles and the fabric thus formed is woven fabric.The warp yarns are those yarns which lie in the length direction of a fabric while it is being woven.

The weft or filling yarns are those which, during weaving are introduced between the warp yarns,
across the width direction of the fabric. The warp are also known as ends and wefts as picks. The lengthwise edge of the fabric is called selvage (Self + Edge) Grain indicates a direction parallel to either the warp or filling yarn. The direction not parallel to either of these yarns is called off grain. Woven fabric will elongate most in a direction that is 45° to both sets of yarns and this direction is called Bias.

Fabric GSM wise required yarn count?

Yarn Count:

The yarn count is numerical expressions which define its coarseness or fineness

Fabric GSM:

‘GSM’ means ‘Gram per square meter’ that is the weight of fabric in gram per one square meter.

There are given various fabrics GSM and their required yarn count: 

For Single Jersey Fabric

Yarn Count	GSM (With Out Lycra)	GSM (With Lycra)
40/S	100-120	140-150
34/S	130-140	170-180
30/S	140-150	180-200
28/S	150-160	200-210
26/S	160-170	220-230
24/S	170-180	230-240
22/S	190-200	250-260
20/S	200-220	270-280

Relation between yarn count and fabric GSM ?

Relation between yarn count and fabric GSM 

Md. Muyeed Hasan.

Marketing Executive.

Graphics Textile Ltd.

B. Sc in Textile Engineering

Bangladesh University of Textiles (BUTEX)

Mail: muyeed.butex@gmail.com

Phone: +880 1764402661

Yarn Count:

The yarn count is numerical expressions which define its coarseness or fineness. And also indicate the relationship between length and weight (the mass per unit length or the length per unit mass) of that yarn.

Fabric GSM:

‘GSM’ means ‘Gram per square meter’ that is the weight of fabric in gram per one square meter. The GSM of fabric is one kind of specification of fabric which is very important for a textile engineer for understanding and production of fabric. It is essential to know the weight of the fabric before manufacturing and after getting the finished fabric.

Different Fabric GSM and Their Required Yarn Count:

How to be calculating Fabric GSM without GSM Cutter?

GSM is short form of “Gram Per Square Meter”.  GSM is the weight in gram per square meter in fabric. GSM is a very important parameter of specified a certain quality of knitted fabric. The production calculated in “Weight” for knitting. GSM Cutter is very popular & easy usable instrument in all knit factory. But, now we learn How to be calculating Fabric GSM without GSM Cutter.

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What is difference between RFD and Greige Fabric?

RFD is a short form of Ready for Dyeing. And Greige fabric is referred to raw fabric.

RFD fabrics are named those fabrics which are processed like scouring andbleaching to removed wax, oils, darts and sizing material & applied before make to the fabric ready for dyeing. RFD fabric is used for manufacturing the colored garments, printing and fabric dyeing etc.
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How can select the actual yarn count for required GSM?

Select the correct Yarn count for required GSM:

In my post I would like to share with you some equations, which we can select the actual yarn count for knit the fabric. These are varying for fabric types.

Also note, Spinner does not make Odd no. yarn count. That’s why all yarn count should be Even No. like as- 18/S, 20/S, 22/S, 24/S, 26/S…………. etc. 

Single Jersey 

Say, the require GSM is 220

Yarn count = (-0.141) X (GSM) + 50.22

                   = (-0.141) X (220) + 50.22

                   = -31.02 + 50.22

                   = 19.2

So, to knit 220 GSM Single Jersey fabrics we need yarn count 20/s

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What are difference between feeder stripe and engineering stripe?

Yarn  dyed knit fabric is a one of exclusive fabric highly recommended by Buyer.  In knitwear section yarn dyed fabric is very popular and expensive rather than regular solid fabric. 

There are two type of yarn dyed fabric used in knitwear garments:

1. Feeder Stripe yarn dyed fabric

2. Auto Stripe or Engineering Stripe yarn dyed fabric.  

Feeder stripe fabric knitting way is different from engineering stripe. And also dying process is also different from solid color fabric. Solid color fabric being dye after fabric knitting. But in case of yarn dyed fabric first need to dye yarn according required color then fabric dye with colored yarn.

For More Information just Click Here

Feeder Stripe

• Feeder stripe has a small repeating unit approximately 1.9 inch.
• There is no extra device on feeder stripe.
• Production cost is low.

WHY FABRICS WRINKLE?

Why do some fabrics wrinkle and others don't? Close examination of this question reveals a relationship between moisture absorption and wrinkling. Wool and cotton fabrics wrinkle, both fibers absorb water. Polyester and nylon fabrics are more restive to wrinkling; they absorb much less than the other two.

To understand wrinkling of cellulose fibers, consider the stress and strain forces within a smooth rod as it bent - see figure 43. The stretching stresses at the outer reaches of the bend provide lateral forces to adjacent polymer chains which can cause them to move. The inner polymer chains are under compression stresses – also

Why Fabrics Shrinkage?

Woven and knitted goods are 3-dimensional arrays of crimped yarns. Fabric forming processes take straight lengths of yarns and force them into 2-dimensional crimped lengths. The degree of crimp is a function of the yarn size and fabric construction.

When fabric is completely relaxed, the crossing yarns will move around in relation to each other until a stable configuration is reached. This stable arrangement, the point where the relaxed fabric no longer shrinks in width and length, is also related to yarn sizes and fabric construction. When stretching tensions are applied to the fabric, the crimped amplitude decreases and the fabric grows in the direction of the stress. 

Later when the tensions are relieved and the fabric allowed relaxing, the crimp amplitude returns to its stable configuration and the fabric shrinks. Many fabrics are stretched during wet processing as they are pulled from one operation to another. This

AN OVERVIEW OF THEIR PROPERTIES AND INFLUENCE ON DENIM FABRIC

To understand the properties, performance and the durability of a denim fabric, it is essential to understand the fibers within the fabric the yarn, the fabric structure, and what processes and treatments that have been used to produce and finish the fabric. Fibers contribute to fabric performance and influence product aesthetic, comfort, durability, appearance retention and care. Fiber properties are determined by their physical structure, chemical composition and molecular arrangement. The type of yarn and its structure influence hand and performance. The processes that are used also influence hand, performance, appearance and the performance of the fabric During use and care

PROPERTIES OF COTTON FIBRES

The fibre length influences the properties of cotton and cotton denim fabric. Longer fibers will give higher durability and quality .

Cotton quality is classified considering staple length, grade and character. Only the two first-named plays a role when purchasing cotton. In mass production and cotton synthetic blends,