What are color measuring instruments?

Two types of instruments are used for the measurement of color:

1. Tristimulus Colorimeters

2. Spectrophotometers

Tristimulus Colorimeters:

Uses:

Tristimulus colorimeters supply numerical data representing absolute value, and color difference between a reference sample and a sample to be tested. They are used mainly in quality control, to determine conformity to standards compatibility with specified tolerances.

Working:

Light is shone onto the object and part of the reflected light is collected, analyzed and the intensity recorded.

Advantages:

·        Short measuring time

·        Easy to use

·        Relatively low cost

What are Color & Color difference assessments?

Color is not a physical reality; and different people perceive color differently. Generally, when asked what color a certain object is, some may reply with subjective responses, such as ‘light blue’, ‘rich dark purple’ or ‘bright gold’ which may differ from individual to individual.

With advances of technology, color specification has become a precise science by specifying a thread & fabric color quantitatively as a number. It improves the understanding of color and the color matching process.

The Japanese Care Labeling System?

The Japanese system, like other care labeling systems must have symbols placed in a specified order. Labels should be designed based on the following convention:

• Symbols should be arranged from left to right according to the following sequence: 1) Washing, 2) Bleaching, 3) Ironing, 4) Dry-cleaning, 5) Wringing & 6) Drying.
• For coloured products which are not usually bleached, the symbol for possibility of chlorine bleached may be omitted.
• For products which are not usually ironed, the symbols for ironing may be omitted. (Except ‘cannot be ironed’)
• For products which can be washed with water, the symbols for dry-cleaning may be omitted. (Except ‘cannot be dry-cleaned’)
• The symbols should be either in black or dark blue whereas the prohibition symbols are

The International Care Labelling System?

The International Association for Textile Care Labelling (GINETEX) is the world body which governs care labels since 1975. Member nations of GINETEX are Belgium, France, Germany, England, Netherlands, Israel, Austria, Switzerland, and Spain. Its objectives are to:

• Inform consumers on the correct care labelling of textiles through a system of uniform and simple care labelling symbols, independent of language.
• Achieve and promote voluntary care labelling on an international basis through the uniform symbols of GINETEX, thus avoiding the use of different systems.

 The GINETEX care labelling system is based on the following principles:

• The care symbols provide information on the maximum permitted type of treatment.
• The care symbols must always be used in full and in the prescribed sequence.
• The care labelling must be clear, readily understandable, easy to use and not dependent

What is care label & different types care labeling systems?

Care instructions are small solutions to big problems. Care labels provide guidelines to consumers about apparel care, and the best cleaning procedures to be used for a particular combination of fabric, thread decoration and construction techniques. Following the instructions on the care labels is an assurance that the appearance and fit of the garment will

Define “Work Study" & History of Work Study?

Define “Work Study" ?

Work Study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying on activities so as to improve the effective use of resources and to set up standards of performance for the activities being carried out.

What is the History of Work Study? 

 Walter of Henley (13^th century)

            Henley was the first practitioner of Work Study. He was an English farmer. He studied about farming methods & how to improve them. He wrote a letter to his son describing how to improve farming methods.

 Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915)

            Taylor, was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the “Father of scientific management”, and was one of the first management consultants. He broke the job into elements and timed these with stopwatch.  Based on these times he worked out a bonus system. His major principle was “a fair day’s work for a fair days pay”. 

In between the eras of Henley & Taylor, several others also discussed about work study practices. They are,

 Leonardo Da Vinci (1452 – 1519)

Perronnet & Pins (1760)

Charles Babbage (1791 – 1832)

Boulton & Sons (1800)