1. Single yarn
Single yarn is the simplest continuous strand of textile mtl
composed of one of the following:
(i) Continuous filament
Filament consists of very long, thin cylinder type fibre twisted
together. Continuous filament yarns are the simplest in the structure but can
be subjected to many modifying process for changing their texture,
extensibility, bulk and other properties. In the manufacture of man made
filaments, a solution is forced through very fine holes of spinneret, at which
point the solution solidifies by coagulation, evaporation or cooling.
Continuous filament yarns in fabric form usually have excellent
strength & uniformity. This yarn can be made much finer in linear density
and diameter than staple yarns. In an untextured form, continuous filament
yarns are not posses a combination of good covering power tactile qualities,
comfort and a pleasing appearance. Silk is a natural filament, synthetic
filament yarn is used to produce silk like effect.
Filament yarns are two types:-
a) Monofilament: Which containing one filament. e.g. Silk.
b) Multifilament: Which contains two or more filaments e.g. Nylon.
(ii) Staple or spun yarn
Yarn in which number of discontinuous fibres are hold together
generally by twist is called staple yarn. Generally staple yarn consists of
short length fibre from 25mm to 180mm. To produce the yarn from such kind of
short fibres, the fibres (carded or carded and combed) should keep parallel and
then wound together by either clockwise or anti-clockwise twist. The yarn which
is made in this way is also called spun yarn.
Staple yarns categorically have excellent tactile qualities
(handle, good covering power & excellent comfort factor) and are
aesthetically pleasing. However, staple yarns as a group are not as strong as
uniform as continuous filament yarns of equal linear density. Finally, because
staple fibres are processed as a mass rather than individually, the number of
fibres per yarn cross-section varies considerably along the yarn length. This
condition limits the fineness of spun yarn.
Spun yarns are two types:
a) Homogeneous: Which are spun from one type of fibre e.g. 100% cotton yarn.
b) Blended: Which
are spun from more than one type of fibres e.g. cotton-polyester blend yarns.
(iii) Modified continuous filament
The continuous filament yarns which are textured or modified to
change their appearance and other properties, are called modified continuous
filament.
2. Multi folded
or plied yarns
They are made by twisting together two or more single yarns. e.g.
Sewing threads. The yarn which has been plied by plying process is called plied
yarn. Plying process is done to make the yarn strong and balanced.
3. Cabled yarn
Cabled yarns are made by twisting together two or more multi
folded yarns. e.g. Cords.
4. Gimped yarn
Gimped yarn is a type of yarn where a yarn called core yarn is
wrapped with another yarn or filament. The yarn fed through at the
delivery rollers only is called core. Here, the core yarn remains untwisted or
intact, twist only given to the yarns that are wrapping it. Besides, the
surrounding yarns can be unwrapped.
5. Complex yarn
or core spun yarn:
In a complex yarn, either a continuous filament core is surrounded
by staple fibre or a spun yarn or core is surrounded by continuous filaments.
There is a basic difference between gimped yarn and core spun yarn. In
case of gimped yarn the core yarn is wrapped by another yarn but in core spun
yarn, the core yarn is wrapped by fibre (not yarn).
Core spun yarns are two component structure with core and sheath.
Generally, continuous filament yarn is used as core and the staple fibre are
used sheath covering. The core spun yarn are used to enhance functional
properties of the fibres such as strength, durability and stretch comfort.
Polyester filaments are often wrapped with a cotton outer layer in order to
provide the strength and resiliency of polyester, along with the moisture
absorbent and dye of affinity of cotton.
6. Novelty or fancy yarn
Fancy or novelty yarns are of decorative purpose. They are made by
introducing spiral forms of irregularity or hairiness into either spun
continuous filament yarn. e.g. chenille yarn, loop yarn, slub yarn, snarl yarn.
Novelty yarns are usually uneven is size, varied in color or modified
appearance by their formation. Tin single yarns, the irregularities may be
caused by inclusion of knots loops, slub etc. In plied yarns, the irregularities
may be affected by variable delivery of one or more spun yarn components or by
twisting together dissimilar single yarns.
7. Strength yarn
Yarn that have been programmed for extra ordinary extensibility
are known as strength yarn. Most stretch yarn can be extended from one of one
half twice their normal or relaxed length. The structures are not only highly
extensible but highly elastic as well.
8. High bulk yarn or texturized yarn
In texurized yarn the filament have been crimped regular pattern.
It is also called bulk yarn. A high bulk yarn is a staple or continuous
filament yarn, that has normal extensibility but unusually high degree of
loftiness or fullness. These yarns retain their bulkiness under both relaxed
and stressed conditions. Great covering power with little weight is possible in
fabrics composed of high bulk yarn..
9. Metallized yarn
Metllized yarns may be formed a metal wire combined with textile,
a gimped yarn combined with metal or a core metal/plastic wrapped with metal
dust by the help of glue.
10. Combed yarn
Combed yarn is better in quality than carded yarn. According to
the technical parameter the long length fibre is considered as better. Because
long fibre decrease hairiness in yarn, give strength to the yarn and yarn
become more even. To obtain the long length fibre in yarn, the short fibres
should be removed. For this purpose a processing is done called Combing. So,
the yarn which is obtained by combing action is called combed yarn. In case of
combed yarn short fibre percent is low and yarn is regular. Hence, after
weaving or knitting the fabric looks very even. As a result the price will be
more.
11. Carded yarn
Carded yarn is interior in quality as combing action is not done
here. Therefore, the strength of the carded yarn is lower than combed yarn and
in carded yarn the percentage of short fibre is high, that is why yarn will
have more hairiness. Hence, the fabric manufactured from carded yarn will be uneven.
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