PRINTING SECTION:
Printing section is
playing a vital role in garments section. Garments value can be increased for
using printing. Different types of print are given below:
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How to be environment polluted by Textile Industry ?
1 Air Pollutants:
Most processes
performed in textile mills produce atmospheric emissions. Gaseous emissions
have been identified as the second greatest pollution problem (after effluent
quality) for the textile industry.
Speculation
concerning the amounts and types of air pollutants emitted from textile
operations has been widespread, but, generally, air emissions data for textile
manufacturing operations are not
DENIM WASHING OR WET PROCESSES
Introduction
Today, washing plays an important role in the denim value chain. Lot of customers do not want to wear and tear their jeans themselves, but want the manufacturer to do it for them . To achieve this worn look, a lot of different treatments can be made and different kind of processes and machinery can be used. Some processes are easy and some are complicated and needs to be carefully controlled. Due to poor wet and dry rubbing fastness of the indigo dye, every step in the denim washing process can make a big difference.
Today, washing plays an important role in the denim value chain. Lot of customers do not want to wear and tear their jeans themselves, but want the manufacturer to do it for them . To achieve this worn look, a lot of different treatments can be made and different kind of processes and machinery can be used. Some processes are easy and some are complicated and needs to be carefully controlled. Due to poor wet and dry rubbing fastness of the indigo dye, every step in the denim washing process can make a big difference.
STONE WASHING
Stone wash is a traditional washing
process where volcanic rocks or pumice stone are added to the garments during
wash as abradants. Stone washed products will have a worn look, and are
generally a bit puckered at the seams. Usually, stonewashing is made on indigo
dyed garments that easily loses colour during abrasion. Often ringdyed yarns
are used, which means that only fibres on the surface
Installation of Manual system for Marker making
A Marker is made by placing pattern after pattern into the marker
space. This space defines the fabric that will be utilized in the lay. The
space is defined by the following components which are common to all markers.
Installation of CAD system for Marker making
CAD and CAM are two technologies that have made prominent changes in the way
garment manufacturing was done in previous eras. Today all large garment
manufacturing companies have developed CAD/CAM system to do the process of
garment manufacturing. CAD is an abbreviation for computer-aided design and CAM
for computer-aided machine. CAD/CAM is computer software that controls the
production of garments. In CAD the designer designs the garments by using any
suitable software like Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw etc and
in CAM the cutters, sewers, graders and markers control the process of
development.
 |
| Fig 2: CAD system installation for Marker making |
What Is Marker? How to Calculation of Marker Efficiency?
Marker:
A marker is a diagram of a precise arrangement of pattern
pieces for sizes of a specific style that are to be cut from in one spread. Marker
is a thin paper which contains the patterns of all the components needed to
produce a garment ensuring the least fabric wastage.
Marker Efficiency:
Marker efficiency is defined as a ratio of area of marker
used in a garment and area of total marker.
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A Short BRIEF HISTORY OF CAD DEVELOPMENT | HISTORY OF CAD.
The 1960s, several brands of computers were introduced onto
the market, and textile engineers started to think about CAD. These machines,
called mainframes, were gigantic devices. Punch cards were prepared and then
processed in the computer using the technology of the time. The result of the
work that was ordered could only be obtained the next day, or sometimes the
following week. These methods, such as transforming the work of the designer
into the punches on the cards and arranging their positions in jacquard weaves
and knits, required long and arduous efforts during routine textile processes.
This process was first put into practice at MIT in the years 1963-4. In the
beginning, the data was loaded onto central computers simultaneously.
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Knowledge Shearing about Garments “Marker” & When did start using “Garments Marker Making”?
Garments
manufacturing is very important part of textile production and proper marker
planning and marker making is the heart of garments manufacturing. The results
of cut order planning are cutting orders that direct marker planning and lay
planning. Optimum use of textile material and cutting systems are important
considerations in planning cutting orders as more firms incorporate new
technology. The purpose of marker planning is to determine the most efficient
combination of sizes and shades for each order and to produce the best fabric
yield and equipment utilization. One garments cutting order may require several
markers to achieve optimum efficiency of marker. Usually one of these is a
remnant marker for the short pieces and ends of rolls left over. This helps to
reduce fabric waste. Each marker requires a lay of fabric.
First Communication with buyer for start business development
For
new business development sellers have to communicate with buyer. Email is the
easiest and swift way of communication so when seller will contract first time
with buyer by email at that time have to mention some important information
about company. Which kind of things should be include here this are-
- Information about you and your company.
- Products information about your company.
- Capacity and productivity.
- Which buyer work with you.
- Attachment a beautiful sample photograph.
- Wearing for feedback.
This kind of information should be included in this email. On the
other hand this email will be minimum word and maximum communication.
Sample of first email
Dear
Sir,
Good
day . Hope you are doing fine .
This
is “X’ Executive Marketing from Graphics Textile Ltd .
Our
company Graphics Textiles Limited, Bangladesh, is a modern, vertically
integrated composite
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How to start or procedure Business Development with a buyer?
Apparel industry must
be developed with the trend of market otherwise they cannot extend their
business. To collect new buyer and business with them a company must follow the
procedure of business development. Buyers have been chosen by two ways.
Firstly, Buyer chooses the supplier and the second one sometimes, "X" want
to work with a particular buyer and then contact with them according to that.
The "X" GROUP follow the procedure of business development, this are given
below-
Types of yarns on the basis of Structure
Another classification of yarn can be obtained on the basis of
structure and this classification is easier way to understand and define many
types of textile yarns. Here the classification is given below :-
1. Single yarn.
(i) Continuous filament.
(a) Mono-filament.
(b) Multi-filament.
(ii) Staple yarn or spun yarn.
(a) Homogenous.
(b) Blended.
(iii) Modified continuous filament.
Types of yarns on the basis of Structure
Another classification of yarn can be obtained on the basis of
structure and this classification is easier way to understand and define many
types of textile yarns. Here the classification is given below :-
1. Single yarn.
(i) Continuous filament.
(a) Mono-filament.
(b) Multi-filament.
(ii) Staple yarn or spun yarn.
(a) Homogenous.
(b) Blended.
What is Yarn | Types of Yarn?
Yarn
Generally yarn is a continuous strand which is made up of
filament, fibers or materials where the materials are suitable for knitting,
weaving, otherwise forming a textile fabric.
Yarn is an assembly of fibres that are twisted together to form a
continuous strand. Yarns may be made from either staple fibers or filament fibers. Staple fibers are twisted into yarns; filament fibres need little or no
twist to hold them together into yarns. The type & length of fibre, the
type, ply & size of yarns & the amount of twist given to yarns
determine many of the characteristics of fabrics made from the yarns. All
fabrics except plastics & non-wovens depend upon the use of yarns. For
example, fabrics constructed of spun yarns are less smooth than fabrics
constructed of filament yarns. They also have a lower luster cord or rib
fabrics contain ply or larger yarns in the rib direction.
Different kinds of yarn which are used in textile sector? Definition of these yarn?
Different kinds of yarn are used in
textile sector. These are different in structure and character. Definition of
these yarn are given below:
Spun yarn:
Spun yarn is defined as the twisted
continuous strand of staple fiber having considerable strength; twist is given
to gripping each other of staple fiber. It should have definite fineness and
no. of twist per inch, which ensure its suitability for next consequence
processes. Spun yarns are formed by flyer, rotor, air-jet and vortex-spinning
system.
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Responsibilities of A Good Merchandiser?
Responsibilities of Merchandiser
- Doing work with buyers/sellers closely and determining range of commodities or goods to sell.
- Doing work in right time in right place considering time & place for buying goods demand.
- Calculation the prices of goods.
- Preparing current sales figure.
- Giving policy guidelines to the buyers.
- Taking responsibility promotion, display.
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Basic difference between dye and pigment?
I will discuss you about difference between dye and pigment which is the
most important in dyeing and the students of Textile Engineering and
Technology.
Cotton | History of Cotton
Cotton
Cotton is
a soft natural pure cellulose fibre (vegetable fibre) that surrounds the seed
and comes from seedpot of cotton plant, used to manufacture cloth. It is the
most widely used natural fibre all over the world.
History
of Cotton
No one
knows exactly the origin of various species of cotton. But scientists found
bits of cotton bolls in cloth while searching the Tehuaca’n Valley of Maxico
and that is about 7000 years old. The plant has certainly been grown and used
in India for at least 5000 years ago and probably for much longer
that was found in Valley of Pakistan. About the same time,
people in Egypt also woven and used cotton fabric.
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Interview Question For Sr. Executive IE Or Work Study Officer.
You have an invitation for an interview and you have to get prepared — where do you start and what do you do? The advice from many is to prepare, prepare, prepare. In general, do your homework. Find out as much as possible about the institution, the department and the professors. Use the Web, your own faculty and fellow students as resources.
What to Do in a Interview :
-
Present an air of confidence during your interview and understand what is expected of you.
-
Do your homework and find out as much as possible about the
institution, department and the faculty. Know the institution's Web
information.
-
Tailor your job talk to the attendees and make arrangement for any A/V support in advance.
-
Keep your job talk general and short. Don't talk about all of the details, but show that you are aware of them.
-
Address questions about your job and don't be afraid to admit you don't have an answer.
-
Show interest in your interviewer's work. Read at least one paper written by each person in your area.
-
Show respect to committee and department staff. Be flexible and polite.
-
Interview Question For Work Study Officer / IE Officer.
Job interviews can be a daunting, scary experience but you can ditch the nerves by preparing answers to popular interview questions before you head out the door.
We take a look at the different types of interview question you can expect to get and offer you advice on how to go about giving answers that will get you the job.
So, it’s interview preparation time.
Feeling a bit overwhelmed by everything you have to do? Don’t panic!
Take a breath and relax! We've broken it all down for you
Why study Textile Engineering?
Why study
Textile Engineering?
Textiles touch
today’s world in every sphere. The most obvious use of textiles is the clothes
we wear, but in addition textiles are found in drapery, upholstery and other furnishings.
Going even further, textiles are used extensively in automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft,
ships and boats. Medical textiles include a whole range of uses, such as hernia
meshes, artificial knee caps and other prosthetic devices, heart valves etc.
Textiles are used in the construction industry, as geo-textiles to prevent soil
erosion and in diverse other ways. The Sri Lankan garment industry is the
largest export industry in Sri Lanka, with a major portion of the nation’s export
revenue coming through this industry. The curriculum of the textile engineering
course has been tailored to gear the student to face the challenges of this
industry with confidence
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When Did Humans Start Wearing Clothes?
Determining
exactly when humans began wearing clothes is a challenge, largely because early
clothes would have been things like animal hides, which degrade rapidly.
Therefore, there’s very little archaeological evidence that can be used to
determine the date that clothing started being worn.
There
have been several different theories based on what archaeologists have been
able to find. For instance, based on genetic skin-coloration research, humans
lost body hair around one million years ago—an ideal time to start wearing
clothes for warmth. The first tools used to
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Merchandising Activities & Some important functions ?
Merchandising Activities:
The successful execution of any garment export order depends on the work performance of a merchandiser. The functions of merchandising are playing a different role in different situation. Some important functions are given as below:
Basic qualification of a good Merchandiser?
Merchandiser:
The Man, who is involved in garments trade, as a order sourcing, developed the order, negotiated with buyer and supplier and execute the order in a required time frame is called Merchandiser. The functions of a merchandiser are known as Merchandising. The term merchandising has been derived from the word merchandise, which means goods that is bought and sold.
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The Man, who is involved in garments trade, as a order sourcing, developed the order, negotiated with buyer and supplier and execute the order in a required time frame is called Merchandiser. The functions of a merchandiser are known as Merchandising. The term merchandising has been derived from the word merchandise, which means goods that is bought and sold.
Merchandising
is a business on marketing activities responsible for ensuring a products
description both quality and quantity. Merchandising means total responsibility
of a Merchandiser.
In
other words merchandising is the marketing activity responsible for ensuring a
product’s “desirability”, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
How to be calculating Fabric GSM without GSM Cutter?
GSM is short form of “Gram Per Square
Meter”. GSM is the weight in gram per
square meter in fabric. GSM is a very important parameter of specified a
certain quality of knitted fabric. The production calculated in “Weight” for knitting.
GSM Cutter is very popular & easy usable instrument in all knit factory. But,
now we learn How to be calculating Fabric GSM without GSM Cutter.
What is Merchandising ?
Textile
and garments sector is the biggest and fastest growing sector of Bangladesh. It
is also the highest foreign currency earning sector of Bangladesh. Bangladesh
earns nearly $10 billion a year by exporting textile and garments products,
mainly to Europe and the United States. The RMG industry has around 5000 units
across the country where, 85 percent of the workers are poor woman. Among this
sector, knit garments is growing very rapidly due to less investment requirement, strong of backwards linkage and
earn more high profit than woven garments. That’s why export of knit garments
has been increasing for last few years.
What is difference between RFD and Greige Fabric?
RFD is a short
form of Ready for Dyeing. And Greige fabric is referred to raw fabric.
RFD fabrics are named those fabrics which are processed like scouring andbleaching to removed wax, oils, darts and sizing material & applied before make to the fabric ready for dyeing. RFD fabric is used for manufacturing the colored garments, printing and fabric dyeing etc.
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5S-Tool of Industrial Engineering
5S:
The first pillar of TPM is called 5S, which organize and cleans work place; this helps to make problems visible and attracts the attentions of everyone. Brief description of 5S elements are as follows:
The first pillar of TPM is called 5S, which organize and cleans work place; this helps to make problems visible and attracts the attentions of everyone. Brief description of 5S elements are as follows:
Sort (Seire): The first step in making things cleaned up and organized.
Set In Order (Seiton):
Organize, identify and arrange everything in a work area.
Shine (Seiso):
Regular cleaning and maintenance.
Standardize (Seiketsu):
Make it easy to maintain, simplify and standardize.
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Implementation of lean manufacturing tools in garment manufacturing process::
4.1 Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
Machine breakdown is one of the major headaches for people related to production. The reliability of the equipment on the shop floor is very important because if any one of the machines is down the
entire shop floor productivity may be nil. The tool that takes care of these sudden breakdowns and awakes maintenance as well as production workers to minimize these unplanned breakdowns is called total productive maintenance. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program, which involves a newly defined concept for maintaining plants and equipment. The goal of the TPM program is to increase production, increase employee morale and job satisfaction. (Bisen and
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entire shop floor productivity may be nil. The tool that takes care of these sudden breakdowns and awakes maintenance as well as production workers to minimize these unplanned breakdowns is called total productive maintenance. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program, which involves a newly defined concept for maintaining plants and equipment. The goal of the TPM program is to increase production, increase employee morale and job satisfaction. (Bisen and
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Just in Time (JIT) Implementation of lean manufacturing tools in garment manufacturing process
Traditionally operated garment industries are facing problems like low productivity,longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, poor line balancing, lowflexibility of style changeover etc.These problems were addressed in this study by the implementation of lean tools like cellular manufacturing, single piece flow, workstandardization, just in time production etc. 3.1 Just in Time
Just in time is an integrated set of activities designed to achieve high volume production using the minimal inventories of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Just in time is also based on the logic that nothing will be produced until it is needed (Shivanand, 2006, p. 45).
Just-in-time manufacturing is a Japanese management philosophy applied in manufacturing. It involves having the right items with the right quality and quantity in the right place at the right time. The ability to manage inventory (which often accountsfor as much as 80 percent of product cost) to coincide with market demand or changing product specifications can substantially boost profits and
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How can select the actual yarn count for required GSM?
Select the correct
Yarn count for required GSM:
In my post I would like
to share with you some equations, which we can select the actual yarn count for
knit the fabric. These are varying for fabric types.
Also note, Spinner does
not make Odd no. yarn count. That’s why all yarn count should be Even No. like
as- 18/S, 20/S, 22/S, 24/S, 26/S…………. etc.
Single
Jersey
Say, the require GSM is
220
Yarn count = (-0.141) X
(GSM) + 50.22
= (-0.141) X (220) + 50.22
= -31.02 + 50.22
= 19.2
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GARMENTS DYEING AND FABRIC DYEING
Garments Dyeing
8. Less
production than Fabric Dyeing
1. When
garments are made from grey fabric and then the garments are dyed in required
color and shade called garments dyeing.
2. Less time
is required.
3.
Comparatively low cost of production.
4. For
direct dyeing M: L ratio maintained between 1: 10
5. Wales per
centimeter is not increases after dyeing process.
6. GSM is
increase after dyeing
7. Generally
Belly machine is used for garments dyeing.
9.
Comparatively lower space is needed.
10. No
possibility of shade variation.
11. For
direct dye pH is needed 4-7.
12. Sewing
thread used for making the garments should be of same fiber like the garments
fabric, otherwise color difference may occur between garments fabric and sewing
thread.
What are difference between feeder stripe and engineering stripe?
Yarn dyed
knit fabric is a one of exclusive fabric highly recommended by Buyer. In knitwear section yarn dyed fabric is very
popular and expensive rather than regular solid fabric.
There are two type of
yarn dyed fabric used in knitwear garments:
1. Feeder
Stripe yarn dyed fabric
2. Auto
Stripe or Engineering Stripe yarn dyed fabric.
Feeder
stripe fabric knitting way is different from engineering stripe. And also dying process is also different from solid color fabric. Solid color fabric being dye
after fabric knitting. But in case of yarn dyed fabric first need to dye yarn
according required color then fabric dye with colored yarn.
Feeder Stripe
- Feeder stripe has a small repeating unit approximately 1.9 inch.
- There is no extra device on feeder stripe.
- Production cost is low.
What is medical textile??
Introduction:
Medical textiles or Med tech is one of the most important, continuously expanding and growing field in technical textiles. Medical textiles represent structures designed and accomplished for a medical application. The number of applications is diverse, ranging from a single thread suture to the complex composite structures for bone replacement and from the simple cleaning wipe to advanced barrier fabrics used in operating rooms. Textile materials and products, that have been engineered to meet particular needs, are suitable for any medical and surgical application where a combination of strength, flexibility and sometimes moisture and air permeability are required. The medical textile industries have diversified with new materials and innovative designs. Recently, application of textiles has started going beyond the usual wound care, incontinence pads, plasters etc., Latest innovation i.e., wide variety of woven, non-woven, knitted forms of textile increasingly finding their way into a variety of surgical procedures. As the healthcare industry is growing enormously in India, the demand for the Medical Textile is also on the rise.
Toyota Production System Implementation of lean manufacturing tools
Traditionally operated garment industries are facing problems like low productivity,
longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, poor line balancing, low
flexibility of style changeover etc. These problems were addressed in this study by the
implementation of lean tools like cellular manufacturing, single piece flow, work
standardization, just in time production etc.
longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, poor line balancing, low
flexibility of style changeover etc. These problems were addressed in this study by the
implementation of lean tools like cellular manufacturing, single piece flow, work
standardization, just in time production etc.
2.1 Toyota Production System
It is a manufacturing system developed by Toyota in Japan after World War II, which aims to increase production efficiency by the elimination of waste. The Toyota production system was invented and made to work, by Taiichi Ohno. While analyzing the problems inside the manufacturing environment; Ohno came to conclude that different kinds of wastes (non value added works) are the main cause of inefficiency and low productivity. Ohno identified waste in a number of forms, including overproduction, waiting time, transportation problems, inefficient processing, inventory, and defective products.
Read More---->>>>Implementation of lean manufacturing tools in focusing sewing section 01
Traditionally operated garment industries are facing problems like low productivity, longer production lead time, high rework and rejection, poor line balancing, low flexibility of style changeover etc. These problems were addressed in this study by the implementation of lean tools like cellular manufacturing, single piece flow, work standardization, just in time production etc.After implementation of lean tools, results observed were highly encouraging. Some of the key benefits entail production cycle time decreased by 8%, number of operators required to produce equal amount of garment is decreased by 14%, rework level reduced by 80%, production lead time comes down to one hour from two days, work in progress inventory stays at a maximum of 100 pieces from around 500 to 1500 pieces. Apart from these tangible benefits operator multi-skilling as well as the flexibility of style changeover has been improved.
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1.1 History of Lean
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