Some Impotent Trams About Water Which Is Used In Textile Wet Processing?

##Why water is called universal solvent?

Water is called universal solvent, because the solvency power of water is very high & most of the solute of this world is easily dissolved in the water.

##What do you mean by water hardness?

Hardness is a term applied to water denoting a measurement of its pH & metal salt content. The presence of Ca & Mg salt i.e. Bi-Carbonates, Sulfates, Chlorides in water is called causes of hardness of water. The water which contains these salts is called hard water. Hard water does not easily form lather with soap as the salt of Ca & Mg react with soap to form insoluble organic salts.

Define water? Classification of water ?

Water:

Water is a complex compound. It is very important compound in textile wet processing. The total amount of water in the world is about 75%. Natural water is obtained in 3 steps. They are solid, liquid & vapor. Water has a un-comparable power to dissolve other compound. It is very difficult to obtain pure water in nature. Water is consists of two part Hydrogen & one part Oxygen. Its chemical formula is H2O. Water is converted to ice at 0°C & converted to vapor at 100°C the concentration of water is highest at 4°C.

 

Classification of water:

Classify water on the basis of hardness:

What is Difference between Fashion and Style?

Fashion and Style are two common terms which are now vastly used by the young generation, though they are totally confused about it, cannot differentiate between fashion and style. Just not this young generation, there are so many who still don’t know the difference between fashion and style. “Fashion is about dressing according to what’s fashionable. Style is more about being yourself” said by Oscar de la Renta.

What is Fashion?

Fashion is a very versatile matter and trendy right now, which is being featured in magazines, on TV and on the fashion runways. In another view, Fashion is also the newest creations made by designers, which are brought by only a few numbers of people. Fashion can be anything such like clothes, shoes, make-up and accessories etc which is being made popular

Objects & Advantages of Garments Washing

Objects of garments washing:

• To develop softness in garments: Size materials applied during manufacturing present in the fabric are removed which enhances soft hand feel. Additional softness may be attained by using softener.
• To introduce fading effect: Dyes or pigments are present in the fabric, used during coloration, are washed out locally or partially which result fading or worn out effects in the garments.
• To create new fashion: Washing Process of garments bring different outlook (faded, color tinted etc) thus creating new fashion for the new generation especially for teenagers.

Physical properties of textile fibers?

Fiber length

In physical properties the most important is the fiber length on which the quality of yarns depends. For cotton if fiber length increases the quality of yarns will be good, but this is just opposite for wool. In jute the fiber length is too long that sometimes the fibers are cut into small pieces.

If the fiber length is too small it is difficult to produce yarn. Yarn is impossible if the fiber length is less than 0.5 inch. Thin fibers produce thin yarn and coarse yarn is produced from coarse fibers.

There are two types of fiber on the basis of length:

1. Continuous filament

2. Staple fiber

Continuous filament

Thermal properties of textile fibers?

Amorphousness

Amorphousness orientation of polymers within the polymer system of any fiber is called the amorphous region. In other word, if a substance exposed to X-rays and diffuse and broad patterns X-ray diffraction called amorphous substance and the property is called amorphousness. In amorphous regions, the polymers are oriented or aligned at random.

 Crystallinity

If a substance is exposed to X-rays, give sharp and well defined X-ray diffraction patterns is called crystalline substance and the property is called Crystallinity. Crystalline orientation of polymers within the polymer system of any fiber is called the crystalline region. In crystalline regions the polymers are oriented or aligned longitudinally into more or less parallel order. It is in the crystalline areas that hydrogen bonding and Vander-Walls forces occur.

Mechanical properties of Textile fibers?

A.  Tensile properties

Tensile properties indicate how a material will react to the forces being applied in Tension. Some tensile properties are given below -

Tenacity

Tenacity is the maximum strength to break a fiber.

Breaking extension

It is expressed in percentage. It is the ratio of elongation at break to the initial length and multiple of hundred.

What are the objects of blending in spinning?

(a) Blending influences the reduction of the cost of the final product through blend composition, availability of fibres quality & inherent fibre property variations.

(b)  It helps to improve processing performance of the following process–

 

(i) Carding : Blending influences the processing performance of carding through  control  of  nep  level  variation,  waste  level  variation,  fly,  roving  twist variation, m/c adjustment, static electricity formation.

Chemical properties of textile fibers?

Acid and Alkali

Acid or alkali is harmful for cellulose and protein fibers. Therefore, the effect of acid and alkali must be known during bleaching, dyeing and finishing. Different fibers react differently with acid and alkali. For example, Cotton and Linen damaged when they are subjected to conc. Hydrochloric, Sulphuric and Nitric acids. Also dilute solution of those acids can make harm to the fibers. On the other hand, conc. alkaline solution is not harmful to Cotton and Linen. Wool is not affected by dilute solution of acid. But conc. acid and alkali damage wool easily. So acid or alkali must be chosen properly to use in different purpose and processing.
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