Physical properties of textile fibers?

Fiber length

In physical properties the most important is the fiber length on which the quality of yarns depends. For cotton if fiber length increases the quality of yarns will be good, but this is just opposite for wool. In jute the fiber length is too long that sometimes the fibers are cut into small pieces.

If the fiber length is too small it is difficult to produce yarn. Yarn is impossible if the fiber length is less than 0.5 inch. Thin fibers produce thin yarn and coarse yarn is produced from coarse fibers.

There are two types of fiber on the basis of length:

1. Continuous filament

2. Staple fiber

Continuous filament

Thermal properties of textile fibers?

Amorphousness

Amorphousness orientation of polymers within the polymer system of any fiber is called the amorphous region. In other word, if a substance exposed to X-rays and diffuse and broad patterns X-ray diffraction called amorphous substance and the property is called amorphousness. In amorphous regions, the polymers are oriented or aligned at random.

 Crystallinity

If a substance is exposed to X-rays, give sharp and well defined X-ray diffraction patterns is called crystalline substance and the property is called Crystallinity. Crystalline orientation of polymers within the polymer system of any fiber is called the crystalline region. In crystalline regions the polymers are oriented or aligned longitudinally into more or less parallel order. It is in the crystalline areas that hydrogen bonding and Vander-Walls forces occur.

Chemical properties of textile fibers?

Acid and Alkali

Acid or alkali is harmful for cellulose and protein fibers. Therefore, the effect of acid and alkali must be known during bleaching, dyeing and finishing. Different fibers react differently with acid and alkali. For example, Cotton and Linen damaged when they are subjected to conc. Hydrochloric, Sulphuric and Nitric acids. Also dilute solution of those acids can make harm to the fibers. On the other hand, conc. alkaline solution is not harmful to Cotton and Linen. Wool is not affected by dilute solution of acid. But conc. acid and alkali damage wool easily. So acid or alkali must be chosen properly to use in different purpose and processing.
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What is Mercerized Cotton?

Mercerized cotton is a special kind of cotton yarn that is more lustrous than conventional cotton. It is also stronger, takes dye a little more readily, makes the yarn more resistant to mildew and reduces lint. It also may not shrink or lose its shape as much as "regular" cotton.

Mercerisation is a treatment for cellulosic material, typically cotton threads, that strengthens them and gives them a lustrous appearance. The process is less frequently used for linen and hemp threads.

Mercerization, the process by which mercerized yarn is made, is named for the British chemist John Mercer, who developed the process and received a patent for his work in 1851.

Mercer found that adding caustic soda (lye) or sulfuric acid to cotton made the fiber swell and straighten. No one was too impressed by that, but in 1890 Horace Lowe developed a process by which 

What is Fiber & Textile fiber? Classification of Fibers?

What is Fiber?

Fiber is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other substances that are very small in diameter in relation to their length.

What is Textile fiber?

All fiber is not textile fiber. The term “textile fiber” means a unit of matter which is capable of being spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by bonding or by interlacing in a variety of methods

including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, twisting, or webbing, and which is the basic structural element of textile products.

Many fibrous materials are not suitable to make into fabrics, e.g., corn silk or wood slivers. T

Fiber Identification System

Microscopic Identification

Examination of longitudinal and cross-sectional views of a fiber at 100 to 500  agnifications gives detailed information with regard to the surface morphology of the fiber. Positive
identification of many natural fibers is possible using the microscope, but positive identification of man-made fibers is more difficult due to their similarity in appearance and due to the fact that spinning techniques and spinneret shape can ~adically alter the gross morphological structure of the fiber.

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Cotton | History of Cotton

Cotton

Cotton is a soft natural pure cellulose fibre (vegetable fibre) that surrounds the seed and comes from seedpot of cotton plant, used to manufacture cloth. It is the most widely used natural fibre all over the world.

History of Cotton

No one knows exactly the origin of various species of cotton. But scientists found bits of cotton bolls in cloth while searching the Tehuaca’n Valley of Maxico and that is about 7000 years old. The plant has certainly been grown and used in India for at least 5000 years ago and probably for much longer that was found in Valley of Pakistan. About the same time, people in Egypt also woven and used cotton fabric.
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Characteristics & Applications of Silk fibers?

Silk is a fine, continuous strand unwound from the cocoon of a moth caterpillar known as the silkworm. It is composed of protein. It is very shiny due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles.

Characteristics & Applications of Wool fibers?

Wool fibre grows from the skin of sheep and is a relatively coarse and crimped fibre with scales on its surface. It is composed of protein. The fibre appearance varies depending on the breed of the sheep. Finer, softer and warmer fibres tend to be with more and smoother scales. Thicker, less warm fibres have fewer and rougher scales. Normally, the better wool fibres with finer scales are duller in appearance than the poorer quality fibres which have fewer scales.

Characteristics & Applications of Linen fibers?

Linen, one of the most expensive natural fibres, is made from the flax plant. It is labour-intensive to produce, hence produced in small quantities. However linen fabric is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather.

It is composed of 70% cellulose and 30% pectin, ash, woody tissue and moisture.

Characteristics & Applications of Cotton fibers?

Textiles have such an important bearing on our daily lives that everyone should know something about the basics of fibres and their properties.

Textile fibres are used for a wide range of applications such as covering, warmth, personal adornment and even to display personal wealth.

Textile technology has come a long way in meeting these requirements. A basic knowledge of textile fibres will facilitate an intelligent appraisal of fibre brands and types and help in identifying the

Why all the fibers are not textile fiber?

According to maximum textile Specialists, to be a textile fiber its must be 500 to 1000 times longer than the width. Every fiber around the word can’t be a textile fiber because a textile fiber has its own specified properties is include Sufficient Strength, Length, Fineness, Elasticity, Crimp, Friction, Ability to react with Acid & Alkali’s and should have the power to protect the effect of biological agent too. Wool, Cotton, Nylon all of them has the requirement to be a fiber on the other hand, may be banana tree has some of the quality to be a textile fiber but it’s not enough. So we can’t precede banana tree is a textile fiber, similarly we also can say all the fiber in the world is not textile fiber expect some which are fill the requirement to be a textilefiber.

If we know about textile fiber then we’ll get why all the fibers are not textile fiber? Textile is special fiber which used to make textile or garments product. Basically we know textile fiber are come from two different source like nature and synthetic. Synthetic fiber also called man made fiber or artificial fiber. Natural fiber is so much comfort to use as a garment and its friendly with nature. On the another hand synthetic fiber is made by human and its not come from nature. Synthetic fiber made from mixing proper unit of chemical as it can make yarn and possible to weave or knitting to make garments. Mostly natural knitting technology used cotton fiber. Cotton fiber is reliable fiber across the world. its mostly used natu This is a little discussion about textile fiber because this is not written about fiber. pleasefollow the link to read more about classification of textile fiber.

What is Difference between “Natural fiber and man-made fiber”?

Natural fiber and man-made fiber:

Textile is a technology depends on fiber. Fiber is a things which is used to make yearn and fabric. Fiber is come from two different sources. Two source of fiber is Natural fiber and man-made fiber also called Synthetic fiber. Natural fiber is comes from nature, that’s why it’s called natural and on the other hand when the human make a fiber to us those alternative by natural fiber and its makes from different type of chemical in a factory is synthetic fiber. Synthetic fiber is made by human so that it’s called man-made fiber. Click here to the classification of fiber  

Difference between “Natural fiber and man-made fiber”.

Natural Fiber	Man-made Fiber
The natural fibers we get from nature are called natural fiber.	The fiber made by synthetic or regenerating system called man-made fiber.
In the natural fiber molecules are not limited.	In the man-made fiber molecules are limited as the producer want.
The numbers of molecules are controlled by nature and the length cannot be controlled by nurture.	The numbers of molecules are controlled by man & the length can be control.
Natural fiber is comfortable and it’s good for health.	Man-made fiber is not comfortable and it’s not good for health.
Its expensive fiber.	It’s not so expensive fiber.
The strength of natural fiber is low.	The Strength of man-made fiber is high.
The productions of natural fiber depend on nature climate and environment	The MM f can be produce with local materials and chemicals. It is not depend on nature.
It’s not much favorable for finishing.	It’s favorable for finishing.

What is Recycled Yarn? And Is Recycled Yarn Better?

 What is Recycled Yarn?

Recycled yarn is any yarn that contains fibers that were once used for something else. Probably the first such yarn available was the recycled silk yarn, made from the end bits left over from sari production.

These days you're beginning to see more yarns made with recycled cotton or plastic content.

Recycled cotton yarn typically comes from the remnants left over after manufacturing T-shirts, while plastic fiber is extruded from recycled plastic bottles. You'll sometimes see this referred

What is Organic Cotton Yarn?

Organic yarn means that the fiber the yarn is made from was produced without the use of man-made chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides or chemical fertilizer.

When the fiber comes from an animal, the animal must be fed organic feed and raised under organic standards.

Growing cotton accounts for as much as 16 percent of global pesticide use. Of course all of that does not go to make yarn--it's used for T-shirts, sheets, bedding and countless other products.

Pesticide use is harmful to both the people who have to live and work around pesticides and the planet when pesticide runs off from where it was