DEFINE
ACID?
The compound containing hydrogen atom which are
replaced by metal or metal likeactivated radical & produce salt & water
is called acid.
On the other hand, we can say, the hydrogen
containing compound which are ionized in water & produce hydrogen ion as a
positive ion is known as acid.
Example: H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 etc.
Calcification
of ACID?
A) On the basis of constitution:
i) HYDRO
ACID: The acids which contain Hydrogen atom are called hydro acid. Example:
HCl, HCN etc.
ii) OXI
ACID: The acids which contain oxygen & Hydrogen atom are called oxi acids.
Example: H2SO4, HNO3 etc.
B) On the basis of origin:
i) ORGANIC:
The acids which are obtained from animals & vegetables are called organic
acids. Example: acetic acid, formic acid etc.
ii) INORGANIC:
The acids which are obtained from mineral are called inorganic acids. Example:
HCl, H2SO4 etc.
C) On the basis of strength:
i) STRONG
ACID: The acids which are fully ionized in water & produce large amount of
H+ are called strong acid. Example: H2SO4, HCl etc.
ii) WEAK
ACID: The acids which are partially ionized in water & produce large amount
of H+ are called weak acid. Example: HCOOH.
D) On the basis of alkalinity:
i) MONO
ALKALINE ACID: The acid which are contains only one Hydrogen atom is called
mono alkaline acid. Example: HCl, HCN etc.
ii) DI-ALKALINE
ACID: The acid which contains two replaceable Hydrogen atom is called
di-alkaline acid. Example: H2SO4.
iii) TRI-ALKALINE
ACID: The acid which contains three replaceable Hydrogen atom is called
tri-alkaline acid. Example: H3PO4.
THE
PROPERTIES OF ACID?
Properties:
1.Acid ionized in water & produce hydrogen
ion.
HCl = H +
+ Cl -
H2SO4 = 2 H+ + SO4-
2. In the presence of hydrogen ion, acid changes
the color of litmus from blue to red. Blue litmus + H+ = red litmus.
3.Acid reacts with alkali & produce salt
& water.
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O.
NaOH + H2SO4 = NaHSO4 + H2O
NaHSO4 + NaOH = Na2SO4 + H2O.
4.The taste of acid is sour.
5.Acid reacts with strong metal such as Mg, Al,
Zn & produce Hydrogen gas.
2 HCl + Mg = MgCl2 = MgCl2 + H2.
THE USES
OF ACID IN WET PROCESSING OF TEXTILE?
- Acid is used in scouring process (HCl).
- H2SO4 is used to soften hard water in case of demineralization or ion exchange process.
- HCl is used in carbonizing of wool.
- H2SO4 is used in spgn process of viscose rayon.
- Acids are used for dyeing of protein fiber with acid dye.
- HCl is used to dissolve the di-azo compound.
- H2SO4 is used for fermentation.
- H2SO4 (conc.) is used for neutralizing mercerized product.
- Acetic or formic acid is used to adjust pH of dye bath.
- Acids are used for washing purpose.
- H2SO4 or HCl is used for acid steeping.
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