Allowance:
The
normal time for an operation does not contain any allowances for the worker. It
is impossible to work throughout the day even though the most practicable,
effective method has been developed. Even under the best working method
situation, the job will still demand the expenditure of human effort and some
allowance must therefore be made for recovery from fatigue and for relaxation.
Allowances
must also be made to enable the worker to attend to his personal needs. The
allowances are categorized as:
1. Relaxation
Allowance:
Relaxation
allowance may be of two types:
Fatigue allowance-
this allowance is given to compensate for energy expended during working. Fatigue allowance is generally considered as
4% of basic time.
2.
Process allowance:
A
process allowance is an allowance of time given to compensate for enforced
idleness of an operator due to the character of the process or operation on
which he or she is employed. For
example- an operator may not be able to work because he has to wait for a
machine to complete its own part or he may be the member of an unbalanced line.
These are all unavoidable delay for which the operator is not responsible.
Process allowances are generally considered as 5% of the basic time.
3.
Policy Allowance:
This is used to calculate payments only
in order to enhance the performance of the worker.
4. Special Allowances:
Contingency
allowance should not exceed 5% .Such type of allowance may fall into following
three categories;
Periodic activity
allowances- Allowance for activities carried out at
definite intervals of time. e.g., cleaning machines, resetting machines etc.
Interference allowance-
This is the allowance to compensate the unavoidable loss of production due to
simultaneous stoppage of one or more machines being operated by single
operator.
Contingency Allowance- This is a small allowance of time given to compensate such delay as tool breakage involving removal of tool from the holder or power failures for small duration
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