Quality control for spinning

Quality Control Spinning

Quality of the yarn is maintained through different lab test in the spinning.

AFIS (Advanced Fiber Information System):

Sample weight taken for this test is 5 gm. Then this sample cotton is rolled up to 31 cm. then it is inserted to the machine. The tested parameters are HVI.

HVI (High Volume Inspection):

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Sewing machine needle identification:

A sewing machine needle is identified with three parameters and they are:

1. System

2. Point

3. Size

System:

A needle system defines the dimensions of a needle to suit the machine type. Depending on the machine and its stitch type, the needle is designed with variations in length of blade, shank thickness, type of eye etc. It is advisable to check with the machine manufacturer for suitability of needle system to machine.
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What Is Dye | Dyeing | Pigment?

Dye

A dye or dyestuff is a colored and organic chemical compound which have affinity to substance like textiles, absorbs light strongly in visible region and create physical and chemical bond with the fibres.

Dye must contain chromophore and auxochrome group. In case of organic compounds sometimes they have some molecules with pi-bond e.g. -NO, -NO₂ , -N=N- etc. for which the compounds become colored and  the molecules with pi-bond are called chromophore. Auxochrome is attached to chromophore to modify its absorption of light. –OH, -CHO etc. are auxochrome.

DEFINE & Calcification of SALT? | THE PROPERTIES & USES OF SALT IN WET PROCESSING OF TEXTILE?

SALT:

When Hydrogen atom of acid is fully or partly replaced by the metal or metal like reactive radical, then the compound which is found is known as salt.

Example: NaCl, KNO3, CaCl2 etc.

Classification of SALT:

DEFINE ALKALI? | THE PROPERTIES & USES OF ALKALI IN WET PROCESSING OF TEXTILE?

ALKALI:

The compounds which contain oxide (O2-) or hydroxide ion, react with acids & produce salt & water are known as alkali. Alkalis are ionized in water & produce hydroxyl ion (OH -). Example: NaOH, KOH etc.

Properties:

1. Alkalis are too much soluble in water.

2. It is ionized in water & produce hydroxyl ion (OH -). NaOH = Na+ + OH -

3. It changes the color of litmus from red to blue. Red litmas + H+ = blue litmas.

4. It reacts with acid & produce salt & water. HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O.

5. The alkaline soln of alkali damage organic substances or life cells.

DEFINE & Calcification of ACID? | THE PROPERTIES &USES OF ACID IN WET PROCESSING OF TEXTILE?

DEFINE ACID?

The compound containing hydrogen atom which are replaced by metal or metal likeactivated radical & produce salt & water is called acid.

On the other hand, we can say, the hydrogen containing compound which are ionized in water & produce hydrogen ion as a positive ion is known as acid.

Example: H2SO4, HCl, HNO3 etc.

Calcification of ACID?

A)       On the basis of constitution:

i)         HYDRO ACID: The acids which contain Hydrogen atom are called hydro acid. Example: HCl, HCN etc.

What are the potential problem caused by acid & alkali in textile wet processing?

PROCESS	Problem
1. Desizing	De-active enzymes & insolubility size mtls, such as starch, PVA etc.
2. Scouring	Combine with soap, precipitate metal organic acids. Produce yellowing or off-white shades, reduce cleaning efficiency & reduce water absorption.
3.Bleaching	Decompose bleach bath. H2O2 → H2O + [O]
4. Mercerizing	Form insoluble metal acids, reduce absorbency & luster.
5. Dyeing.	Combine with dyes, changing their shades, insolubilize dyes, cause tippy dyeing & reduce dye diffusion.
6. Printing	Break emulsion, change thickness, efficiency & viscosity, Combine with dyes, changing their shades, insolubilize dyes, cause tippy dyeing & reduce dye diffusion.
7. Finishing	Interfere with catalysts, cause resins & other additives to become non-reactive break emulsion & de-actives soap.

Describe the effects of hard water in textile wet processing? | State the disadvantages of hard water?

1) SCALE FORMATION:

If hard water is used in boiler, then a layer is formed on the inner surface of the vessel or in the inner side of tube. This layer is very hard just like as stone which is not removed without hammer or chaser or tassel. This is called scale.

In boiler, temporary hard water produce CaCO3 & Mg (OH)2. The combination of CaCO3 & Mg(OH)2 is called scale.

Ca(H CO3)2 ∆→ CaCO3 ↓ + CO2 ↑ + H2O

Mg(H CO3)2 ∆→ Mg CO3 ↓  + CO2↑ + H2O

Mg CO3 + H2O ∆→ Mg(OH)2 + CO2↑

CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 → Scale.

Process sequence of wet processing For knit fabric?

Define wet processing? | Its main divisions? | Process sequence of wet processing technology?

The process by which the textile materials are treated associated with water is called wet processing.

There are mainly 3 (Three) divisions of wet processing:-

’1)Pretreatment: The processes, which are done to make the textile materials, suitable for dyeing & printing, are called pre-treatment, Such as- DE sizing, Scouring, Bleaching etc.  

‘2) Dyeing & printing: The process by which the textile material are colored by different types of dye or pigments, related chemical related chemicals required water is called dyeing. Localized application of dyestuff or pigments on fabric according to the pre-determined design is called printing.